2008.040.012 Oral History Interview with Kayo Ong August 2, 2010

 

Kayo Ong, a long-time Chinatown resident and landlord, speaks extensively about the violence with which Chinese residents and he were confronted after relocating to Chinatown in the 1960s. At that time, Ong describes the Chinatown community as highly racist and discriminatory, mentioning the strained relationship between Chinese and Italian residents in particular and the popular slang terminology that sprang up as a result of racial stereotyping and labeling. Ong explains that his initial interest in the martial arts was to learn how to protect himself, and later, was a source of physical, spiritual, and mental development. Ong specifically recalls hearing the beating drums that accompanied the traditional Chinese lion dance and his associated realization that Chinese people had finally accomplished public recognition and acceptance into the community that is now called Chinatown. He remembers that during his childhood and adolescence, he attended Kung-Fu double-feature films at the local theaters including the Music Palace and Sunsing Theater, both of which he believes may have closed due to technological modernization, as well as the occasional outbreaks of violence during the movies instigated by rival gangs. He closes his interview by commenting on how he is coming to terms with some of the neighborhood changes, such as the loss of “real” Chinese food, saying it has been replaced by restaurants that cater to an American sense of Chinese cuisine.

0:00 - Born in China, Came to America in 1955/56, Early upbringing spent in the South Bronx, Dad left in 1966 due to neighborhood changes, Moved to Chinatown (197 Hester St)- neighborhood was quiet and rundown in some parts, a mix of industrial, manufacturing buildings, artist buildings

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10:45 - Where they moved to Chinatown, the area was still considered Little Italy, past Lafayette was “neutral territory”. First building they lived in was owned by Italians (197 Hester). Daughter in the family encouraged Dad to make building purchase (Baxter Street). Experienced racism from their building tenants

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19:55 - Experienced discrimination as a Chinese family living in the neighborhood, this behavior was encouraged by Italian family patriarchs and men. Chinese population started to build up in the 1960s. Racial tensions became an everyday part of life. Neighborhood started changing in late 1980s/early 1990s. PS 130 had a mix of Chinese/Italian students, Chinese students were doing really well in school, as a result the city put in more money for education development. Over time Italians moved out to NJ

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30:05 - Started working for the public school system, wanted to help Chinese students who were going through similar issues as him. Times were hard for early Chinese population due to racial tensions and prejudice. Didn’t speak English until the third grade. Chinatown “borders” originally established at Pell and Bayard St.

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42:35 - Chinatown added Mott, Elizabeth and Mulberry Streets to the neighborhood. Many landlords harassed for owning property. Italians wouldn’t give up their property without conflict. “Associations” were hangout/socialization spots for Chinese men. Hung out a lot in martial arts centers during his youth. Got into the automotive business which raised a lot of flags with Chinatown gangs. Became a target for gangs as a result of his lifestyle

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53:15 - Had troubles with Chinatown community but stayed throughout the years to support family and family property. Most Chinese took Monday off, as the neighborhood was busy throughout the weekend. Has 3 kids. Used to work for the government. Still carries his draft card. Was colleagues with FALN (the Puerto Rican Armed Forces of National Liberation) through teaching them martial arts.

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64:47 - Flying Dragon gang leader Johnny Eng (also known as OnionHead) used to hang out at his auto parts store before he got into gang activity. Had some conflicts between each other. Doyers Street is his most memorable landmark. Lots of gang activity around Pell St and Doyers St, was known as the “Hepsing” territory (one of the old Chinese triad organizations).

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75:10 - Used to frequent the old black & white movie theaters. Chinatown Arcade used to be a theater. Old theatres used to show a “double bill” program, where they would show a kung fu film and then something that was X-rated. Theatres were haunted with ghosts and gang activity was prevalent there as well. Wife is from Chinatown. Many saw different communities within Chinatown as a result of different kinds of activity

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87:24 - Lots of impressions and stereotypes about Chinese people were prevalent during this time in history. Chinese were known to have very tight communities. Many “associations” in the community were started as a result of this. Certain generations had differences of how their community should function in society. Fukanese community newly arrived in Chinatown. Canal St has a hardworking Vietnamese/Chinese population working their businesses

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99:48 - 9/11 caused many businesses to slow down. Chinatown after 1997 started to grow rapidly due to political issues going on in China and other neighboring nations. Many Chinese landlords would also rent units to more affluent groups as a ways to make profit. Tenants in Chinatown have changed over the years

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111:37 - Many landlords interesting in making a profit now. Still a few apartments exist with rent control but are being bought out by developers. New immigrants coming to Chinatown are coming in higher numbers, many of them living very closely together in apartments. Working, living together just like how the original Chinatown associations worked

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121:59 - Talks about the borders of Chinatown. Believes Baxter Street is still Little Italy. Around Grand and Centre Streets used to be all police headquarters and firearm shops. Old machinery shop near there was renovated and units were sold by the new developers. Value went up for his buildings as a result of Chinatown condo boom

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133:14 - Neighborhood changing rapidly. Always sees many celebrities in the area, going back several decades. Food in Chinatown has changed rapidly too, catered to the American palette/liking. More restaurants are using cheaper ingredients to save money

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